Orchids 101 - Care Tips
Advice from our in-house Orchid Master, Casey Ruple.
This information is tailored to the common Phalaenopsis, however, these care methods still apply to most other orchids.
1. Planting in the Correct Medium
Orchid roots need good aeration. These plants grow on trees and rocks in their native habitats and regular potting soil is not porous enough for them. Moss and tree bark are the two common mediums for homegrown orchids and I have found a mixture of 75% bark and 25% sphagnum moss is ideal to deliver the right mix of water and oxygen for long-term health.
2) Watering
Water your orchid when the bark medium has dried out. Thoroughly soak the pot, letting water run through medium multiple times using the faucet or watering can in the sink. Alternatively, soak the entire pot in water for at least 20 minutes. Let excess water drain out before returning the orchid to its regular place.
It's best not to rely on a fixed schedule given variables in pot size and seasonal changes in light levels and temperatures. Instead regularly check the medium for any moisture while remembering not to overwater. Excess moisture crowds out oxygen which can lead to root rot. I have found my Phalaenopsis needs water approximately every 4-5 days in the summer but only every 7-8 days in the winter.
3) Fertilize
All orchids should receive fertilizer - I recommend lightly fertilizing on a monthly basis. Choose slow release Osmocote or specially compounded orchid fertilizers that are water-soluble (e.g. Jacks 30-10-10).
4) Growing Conditions - Light and Temperature
Provide bright indirect light for your orchids. Wild orchids thrive under the forest canopy and do not like harsh direct light. Once in place, look for sturdy and solid green foliage as signs of healthy growth. Weak, floppy and yellow leaves may indicate your plant needs more light. Nightime temperatures dropping to 65F are important to promote flowering in Phalaenopsis.
5) Repotting
Healthy orchids can go without repotting for one, two, or even three years as long as the soil medium holds up and supports the plant. Its time to repot when the potting medium breaks down or if the plant outgrows its pot as indicated by emergence of multiple root shoots above the pot level.
When repotting gently remove existing medium from roots and assess the root structure. Good roots will be nice and firm whereas dead, rotted, flat and squishy roots should be snipped off.
Check out the following video for a full demonstration:
